معلم متقاعد
07-10-2011, 11:37 AM
ثانياً: المراجع الأجنبية:
Aaron, P.G(1991). Can learning Disabilities be Diagnosed Without Using Intelligence Tests? Journal of Learning Disabilities, Vol. 24, , pp 178-188.
Aaron, P.G. (1995). Differental diagnosis of reading disabilities. School Psychology Review, 24. Issue z, 345 – 352.
Aaron, P.G; Joshi, Malatesha; Willians, Kathryn A. (1999). Not all reading disabilities are alike. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 32, 120 – 132.
Ackerman ,N.(1994). The psychodynamics of family life: diagnsis and treatment of family relationships .New Jersy J.Aronson
Alexander, Charles P. (1996). Brain Bane: Researchers may have found a cause for dyslexia. Psychology today, Agu, P. 12
Alexander, T. Roodin, P. & Gorman, B. (1980). Developmental psychology. New York, D. Van nostrand Co
Alperti, R.S and Emmons, M.L. (1970). “Right A guide to Assertive Behavior”, San Louis Co, California.
Amy, B.B (1998). Moving Clues to Dyslexia, Science News, 154 Issue 11, 160 – 173.
Aran, MD, Ruth S. Shalev, MD, Gali Brain, MA, and Varda Gross-Tsur, MD(2007) Parenting Style Impacts on Quality of Life in Children with Dyslexia , Cerebral Palsy Submitted for publication Jul 3; last revision received Nov 14, 2007
Bandura A: Ross, S, A (1961). Transmission of Aggression Through lmitation of Aggression Model, Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, Vol, 63. No 3 pp 575 – 282.
Baumrind , D. S. (1991): The Influence of Parenting Style on Adolescent Competence and Substance Use. Journal of Early Adolescence, 11, 1, 56-95.
Belsky.J. Steinberg, L and Draper, P. (1991). Childhood Experience, Interpersonal Development and Reproductive Strategy: An evolutionary Theory of Socialization, Journal of Child Development No (62). PP (647 – 670).
Black, J.L., Collins D.W., Deroach, J. N and Zubrick, S. (1987). A detailed Study of Sequential Saccadic Eye Movements for Normal and Poor Reading Children. Perceptual and Motor Skills, vol. 59, P.P 423 – 434.
Brenner, Viktor & Fox, Robert A. (1998): Parental Discipline and Behavior Problems in Young Children. Journal of Genetic Psychology, 159, 251-257.
British Psychological Society (BPS) (1999). Dyslexia, Literacy and Psychological Assessment. Leicester: British Psychological Society.
Brown, Gordon, D.A. (1997). Connectionism, Phonology, Reading and Regulation in Developmental Dyslexia. Brain and Language, vol. 59, P.P. 207 – 235.
Bryan, Tanis & Bryan, James H. (1990). Social Factors in Learning Disabilities. Attitudes and Interactions. In Pavlidis,
Gearge Th. (Ed.) Perspectives on Dyslexia, Volume 2., Johon Wiley & Sons, New York.
Burley-Allen, M. (1983). Managing assertively New York: John wiley & sons, Inc.
Calahan, R (2001) A multidemenional approach to Deyslexia: does locus of control and self-esteem increase with perceived increase in Reading skills: Dissertation Abstracts International, Vol 63, No. 1, p 516.
Catt, H. Ugh, W.(1991) . Early identification of Dyslexia, Evidence from a follow up study of speech-Language impaired children, annuol of dyslexia, Vol. 41, 1991, pp. 163-178.
Chan, D.W. (1981). Components of assertiveness: their relationships with assertive rights and depressed mood among chinese college Students in Hong Kong, Behav. Res. The, 31, 5, 529 – 538.
Coleman, J.C. (1956). “Abnormal Psychology and Modern Life,” New York: Scott Foresman.
Cooper Smith ,S.(1981). The antecedents of self-esteem. California ,Counseling psychologists.
Cotler, S (1976). Assertion training: a road leading where ? in whiteley, J.M & flowers, J.V., Approaches of assertion training, california: Brooks/ cole, pab, co, 84 – 100.
Decker, N.Saidie and Defries,J, (1985).Cognitive Abilities in Families With Reading Disabled Children ,Journal of Learning Disabilities,Vol.3,No.9,pp.419-421.
Dorn, Busch; Sanford; Ritter Philip and Leiderman(1996). the Relation of Parenting style to Adolescent Behavior of Psychological Abstract., (Oct) Vol, 158 (5)P.P 124–125 7.
Downing, John and Leong, Che Kan(1982). Psychology of reading. New yrok, macmillan Publishing Co, Inc.
Dumont, Joseph. J. (1993). Learning Disabilities in the Netherland: Reading Disabilities (An International Perspective). Baltimore, University Park Press,.
Er, M.C. (1989). Assertive Behavior and stress, SAM Advanced Management journal, Autumn, 4 – 8.
Erdman, Phyllis (1998): Conceptualizing ADHD as a Contextual Response to Attachment. American Journal of Family Therapy, 26, 177-186.
Gambrill, E.D. & Richey, C.A. (1975). An assertion Inventory for use in assessment and research. Behavior Therapy, 6, 550 – 961.
Gambrill, E.D. (1978). Behavior modification: Intervention and evaluation. San Francisco: Jossey – Bass pulishers.
Gentile, Lance M. and MaCmillan , Merna M(1987). Stress and Reading Difficulties,. New Yrok, De., International Reading Association,
Gessert, Beth(1976). specific Reading Difficulties in Great Britian in Tarnopol Lester and Tarnopol Murriel: Reading Disabilities (An International Perspective, Baltimore, University Park Press.
Gibson, J. & Levin, H. (1985). The Psychology of Reading. London : Mit press.
Gordon,(1962). Human Development form Birth Through Adolescence. New York, Harper and Row Publishers.
Guszak, Frank. J (1985). Diagnostic Reading Instruction in the Elementary School, New York, Harper and Row Publishers, 3rd ed.,.
Hallahan, D., Kauffman, J., & Lioyd, J. (1986). Introduction to learning disabilities. (2nd ed.) Englewood Cliffs: Prentic-Hall Inc.
Hanely, J. Richard, Reynolds, Cathrine and Thornton, Andrew. (1997). Orthographic analogies and develomental dyslexia. British Journal of Psychology, vol. 88, P.P. 423 – 440.
Harris, A.J. & Sipay. E.R. (1990). How to increase reading ability ? A guide to developmental & remedial methods (9th E.D.), New York. Longman.
Harris, Albert, J. and Sipay, Edword. R: How to Increase Reading Disability: A Guide to Deveopmental and Remedial Methodsl. New York, Longmans, 8th ed., 1985.
Harris, Robert. J.: How Many Kidns of learning Disabilities Are there? Journal of learning disabilities, Vol. 15, No. (8), 1982. pp. 456-461.
Hazzard, Ann and others (1987). “Children’s perceptions of Parental Behaviours. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 11, 49 – 60.
Heiervang Einar, jim Stevenson,anders Lund,Kenneth Hugdahl (2001). Behavior problems in children with dyslexia,Nord j Psychiatry;55:251-256.
Hersen, M.J. Kazdin, A.E., Bellack, A.S., & Turner, S.M. (1979). Effects of live modeling, covert modeling and rehearsal on assertiveness in pyschiatric patients. Behav. Res. & Therapy, 17, 369 – 377.
Hess, E.P., Bridgwater, C.A., Sweeney, T.M., & Bornstein, P.H. (1980). Situational determinants in the perception of assertiveness: Gender related influences: Behavior Therapy, 11, 49 – 58.
Hooper, Stephen R. and Hynd, George, W( 2002 ).: Performance of Normal and Dyslexic Readers on the Koufman Assessment Battery for children (K. A B C) A Discriminant Analysis ( 2002 ), Journal of learning disabilities, Vol. 19, No. (4), pp. 206-20.
Howard, Barbara J. (1996): Advising Parents on Discipline: What Works. Pediatrics, 98, 2, 809-816.
Humphrey.N,(2002)Teacher and Pupil Ratings of Self-esteem in Developmental Dyslexia, British Journal of Special Education,Vol29,No1,March,pp.29-36 Janne von Koss Torkildsena, Gro Syversenb, Hanne Gram Simonsena, Inger Moena and Magnus Lindgrenb, c (2007). Brain responses to lexical-semantic priming in children at-risk for dyslexia , Brain and Language ,Volume 102, Issue 3, Pages 243-261.
Joyce, Marier (1990): Rational-Emotive Parent Consultation. School Psychology Review, 19, 304-315.
Katherine A.Kosmos and Aline Kidd.(1991)Personality Characteristics of Dyslexia and no dyslexia Adults, Psychological Reports,69,231-234.
Kellaghan, Thomas (1976). Learning difficulties in Ireland in lester, tarnopol and tarnopol murriel: Reading disabilities (an international perspective) baltimore, University Park Press,.
Kllees, Marianne: Learning Disabilities in belgium in lester, tarnopol, and murriel, Tarnopol: learning disabilities. (An international, perspective) Baltimoe, University Park Press, 1976.
Kondrick. Patricia Ann (2001). The impact of a parent-administrated Cognitive –Behavioral Treatment program on the
Reading Skill, Self-Concept and Motivation of children with a Learning Disability in reading (Dyslexia), Washington University, PHD.
Koneke, 1983: dyslexia aview of the theories. journal of reading, pp, 247 – 277.
Kowarik, Othmar: Reading problems in austria in lester, tarnopol, and murriel tarnopol: Reading Disabilities (AnInternational Perspective). Baltimore, Unviersity Park Press, 1976.
Krausa N, (1991). Stress Events and Life Satis sfaction Among Eldernly Men And Women. Journal of Gerontology Social Science, Vol 46, pp 584 – 592. Kuwait Dyslexia Association, http://www.q8da.com
Lange, A. J. & Jakubowski, P. (1976). Responsible assertive behavior: cognitive Behavioral procedures for trainers: llinois: Research press.
Lawrence ABervin (1993 ),personality theory and research, John Wiley& Sons Singapore.
Lazarus, A. A (1971). “Behavior Therapy and Beyond,”, New York, Mcgraw Hill.
Levi, Gabriel and Piedda, (1986). Leitizio: Semantic and Phonological Stralegies for Anagram Construciton in Dyslexic children , Journal of Learing Disabilities, Vol. (9) No. (1), , pp 17-22.
Levinson, J (2003) the effects of treatment of dyslexia children on self – esteem and behavior, Dissertation Abstracts international, Vol 64 (5-B) p 2393.
Lioyd, J.W., Kosiewicz, M.M. & Hallahan, D.P. (1982). Reading comprehension: Cognitive training contribution. School Psychology Review, 11 (1), 35 – 40.
Lufi ,Dubi and Lina Darliu (2006) .The interactive effect of test anxiety and learning disabilities among adolescents , International, Journal of Educational Research ,Volume 43, Issues 4-5, 2005, Pages 236-249.
Mains, Franklin. R, Seidenberg, Marks, Doi, Lisa, Chang, Catherine and Peterscn, Alan. (1996). On the basis of two subtypes of development dyslexia. Cognition, vol. 58, P.P 157 – 195.
Margaret, Martlew. (2002). Handwriting and Spelling: Dyslexic children’s abilities compared with children of the same chronological age and younger children of the same spelling level, P. 220.
Matejeck, Zedene, K.(1976). Dyslexia in Czechoslovakian children in lester Tarnopol and Murriel, Tarnopol: Reading Disabilities (An International Perspective), Baltimore, University Park Press,
Mc Phillips, P G Hepper, G Mulhern(2000). Effects of replicating primary-reflex movements on specific reading, difficulties in children: a randomized ,double-blind
,controlled trial The Lancet Vol 355 ,February 12,537
McFarlane, A. C. (1987): The Relationship between Patterns Family Interaction and Psychiatric Disorder in Children. Australian and New zealand, Journal of Psychiatry, 21, 383-390.
Mckelvie, S.J. (1995). Emotional expression in upside – down faces: evidence for configurationally and componential processing, British, journal of social psychology, 34, 325 – 334.
Melekian, B (1990) Family charcteristics of childern with dyslexia Journal of Learning Disabilites v 23, No. 6, p 386 – 39).
Miles, T.R. and Miles, E. (1991) Dyslexia: Milton Keynes, Open University Press. Morris David K and Patricia A. Turnbulla (2007) .The disclosure of dyslexia in clinical practice: Experiences of student nurses in the United Kingdom ,Nurse Education Today Volume 27, Issue 1, January 2007, Pages 35-42
MuGinnis, Dorothy, G. and Smith, Dorothy. E (1982). Analyzing and Treating Reading Problems: New York, Macmillan Publishing Co. Inc.,.
Murell, S, A: Meeks, S & Walker, J (1991). Protective Functions of Health And Self-Esteem Against Depression In older
Adults Facing I Llnes or Bereavement, Psychology and Aging, Vol 6 (3) pp 352 – 360.
Mussen, R. (1983). The Influence of father –Son Relationships and Adolescence personality and Attitudes. Journal of child Psychology and Psychiatry., No. 4 P.P. 3 – 10.
Olin, Jason T. & Keatinge, Carolyn (1997). Rapid psychological Assessment, John Wiely & Sons inc, New York.
Parikle, J. (1991). Managing your self, London: Basil Blackwell.
Pearson, J. C & Spitzberg, B. H. (1990). Interpersonal communication (2ed). New York: Wm. C. Brown publishers.
Philip, G Zimbardo. Ann L. Weber:(1997),psychology, (2nd ed). Longman New York.
Rakos, R.F. (1991). Content consideration in the distinction between assertive and aggressive behavior. Psychological Report 44, 767 – 773.
Rayner, Keith and Pollatsek, Alexander. (1987). The Psychology of Reading. New Jersy: Englewood Cliffs.
Reinoso, C (1995) the relationship between temperament and development disorder in childhood. Dissertation Abstracts International. Vol 55 (B) 3611.
Richman, Gina S. & et al. (1994): Assessing Parental Response Patterns in the Treatment of Noncompliance in
Children. Child & Family Behavior Therapy, 16, 1, 29-42.
Richman, Gina S. & et al. (1994): Assessing Parental Response Patterns in the Treatment of Noncompliance in Children. Child & Family Behavior Therapy, 16, 1, 29-42.
Riddick, B., chirtopher, F & Marian, M (2001) self –esteem and Anxiety in the adult dyslexia students. Dyslexia an intermational, journel of Research & practice Vol 5 (4): 227 – 248.
Riddick, B., Christopher, F & Marian, M (2001) self –esteem and Anxiety in the adult deslexia students. Dyslexia an international, journel of Research & practice Vol 5 (4): 227 – 248.
Robbs, Goritti.; Carlos, J. and Rodriquez Muniz, Ana M. (1986): Learning disabilities in Argentina in lester, tarnopol and murriel tarnopol: learning disabilities (An international perspective) Baltmore, University Park Press,.
Robert Burden &Julia Burdett,(2005),Factors associated with Successful Learning in Pupils with dyslexia: a motivational analysis, British Journal of Special Education , Volume 32 , Number 2,pp.100-105
Rohner, R.& Nielsen, (1978).Parental Acceptance and Rejection .Review and annotated Bibliography of Research & Theory ,New Haven ,Connecticut.
Rohner, R.P., (1975). They love me, they love me not, A worldwide study of the Effects of Parental Acceptance Rejection, New Haven, Ct: Human Relation Area.
Rohner, R.P., (1986). The Warmth Dimension: Foundations of Parental Acceptance Rejection Theory, California, Beverly Hills: Sage Publications.
Rourke, B.P.:(2001) Brain behaviour relationship in children with learning disabilitiues, American Psychologist, Vol. 30.
Ruble, D- (1978): sex differences in personality and abilities in J, Frieze, J parsons, P. Johson D puble & G Zeuman (eds) women & sex Roles. Asocial psychological perspective (pp 45 – 65) New york,WW Norton on Company.
Ruth Paradice,(2001),An Investigation into The Social Construction of Dyslexia, Educational Psychology in Practice,Vol.17,No.3.
Salama,M.M.(1987).Depression and Cognitive Distortions .The Egyptian Journal of Mental Health .Vol.28.,pp3-32.
Sanson,A.,Prior,M.&Smart,D.(1996)Reading with and with out behavior problems at 7-8 years :prediction from
longitudinal data from infacy to 6 years .Journal of child Psychology and Psychiatry,37,529-541
Saracoglu, B.; Minden, H. & Wilchesky, M. (2004). The adjustment of students with learning Disabilities to university and its relationships to self esteem and self –efficacy, Journal of Learning Disabilities, 22, 590 – 692.
Scott,Mary E,.Scherman(1992),Helping Individuals With Dyslexia Succeed in Adulthood, Journal of Instructional, Psychology,Vol.19,pp.197-204.
Shaheen , (1972). Some Psychological Spotlights on Community Problems. The Egyptian, Journal of Mental ,Health 13,7.
Sheridan, E.R(1983).: Reading Disabilities: Can We Blame the written language, Journal of Learning disabilities, Vol. 16, No. 2, 88-105. pp.
Simons, R. L.; Lin, K. H. & Gordon, I. C. (1998): Socialization in the Family of Origin and Male Dating Violence: A Prospective Study. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 60, 467-478.
Singer, H., & Ruddel, R. (1977). The theoretical models and process of reading. New York: International Reading Association.
Snowling, Margaret J. (1991). Developmental Reading Disorders. Journal of Child Psycholo. Psychiatry, vol. 32, No. 1, P.P 49 – 77.
Sutaria, S.D. (1985). Specific learning disabilities: Nature and needs. Springfield, Illinois: Charles C. Thomas.
Swanson, H. Lee and Alexander, Joy E. (1997). Cognitive processes as predictors of word recognition and reading comprehension in learning disabled and skilled readers: Revisting the Specificity Hypothesis. Journal of Educational Psychology, vol. 89, No. 1, P.P 128 – 158.
Swanson, H. lee. & Malone, Sharon (2000). Social skills and Learning Disabilities: A meta analysis of the literature, School Psychology Review, 2 (3), 427.
Syvalath, Raija (1976): Reading-writing disabilities in finland in lester, tarnopol and tarnopol Murriel, : Reading Disabilities (An international perspective) Baltimore, University Park press,.
Theodorad.Tsovili.(2004).The Relation Between Language Teachers Attitudes and the State-Trait anxiety of Adolescents With Dyslexia, Journal of Research in Reading ,Vol17,pp.69-86.
Thomas, & Widiger (1993). Personality disorers and the fire-factor Model of personality. American Psychological Association, washington D, C.
Thomson, M.(1990)Developmental Dyslexia .London :Whurr.
Tosvili, T (2004) the relationship between language teacher`s attitudes and the state- trait Anxiety of adolescents with dyslexia Journal of Research & Reading. Vol 27 (1) 69 – 86.
Vogel, Susan Ann(1975). Syntactic abilities in normal and dyslexic children, Baltimore, University Park, Press, 1975.
Volger, George P, Defries, J. C and Decker, Sadie N. (1997). Family History as an Indicator of Risk for Reading Disability. Journal of Learning Disability, vol. 18, No. 6, P.P 419: 421.
Wakschlag, Lauren S. & Hans, Sydney L. (1999): Relation of Maternal Responsiveness during Infancy to the Developmental of Behavior Problems in High-Risk Youths. Developmental Psychology, 35, 569-579.
Whiteley, R.M.; Lange, A.J. & Flowers, J.V. (1978). Training assertion trainers: A systematic, sequential program in whitely, J.M. & Flowers, J.V. Approaches of assertion training assertion trainers: A systematic, sequential program in whiteley, J.M. & Flowers, J.V. Approaches of assertion training, California: Brooks / cole, pab, co, 244 – 261.
Witely, J.M; flowers, J.V (1978). “Approach to Assertion Training”, Publishing Co. California.
Wolf, J, I & Fodor, I.G (1973). A cognitive behavioral approach to modifying assertive behavior in women in whiteley, J.M. & Flowers, J.V., Approaches of assertion training, california: Brooks, pub, co, 141 – 148.
Wolff, J. & Desiderato, O. (1980). Transfer of assertion – training effects to roommates of program participants journal of counseling psychology, 27, 5, 484 – 491.
Wolff, Peter, H.; Michael, George. F. and Ovrut, Marsho: Rate variables and Automatized Naming in Developmental Dyslexia, Brain and Language, No. 39, 1990 pp 556-575.
Wolpe, J (1973). “The Practice of Behavior Therapy”, New York, Petigman Press
Wolpe, U (1973). Assertion training: acquiring interpersonal skills in whiteley, J, M & Flowers, J.V. approaches of assertion training, california: Brooks / cole pubco, 111 – 117.
Wolpin, u (1978): Assertion training interpersonal skills in witeley, J. M & Flowrs. J. V. approaches of assertion training. California: Brooks Cole pub Co, 111 – 117.
Wood, W.; Landgren, S.; quellette, J.; Busceme, S. & Blacks tone, T (1996). Minority influence: A Meta – analytic Reveiew of social influen carcasses Psychological Bulletin, 115, 3, 323 – 345.
معلم متقاعد
07-10-2011, 11:42 AM
METHODS OF PARENTAL TREATMENT AND ITS RELATION TO THE PERSONALITY APPRECIATION AND SELF ESTEEM FOR CHILDREN SUFFERING FROM DYSLEXIA.
By
Ali Mohammad hiydar Mohammad
Infulfilment For Requirement
For The Degree of Master of Arts
( Psychology )
Supervised By
Prof.Dr:Emmad Mohammad mekemar
Chairman dep.for Psychology
Faculty of Arts
Zagazig University
2008
Methods of parental treatment and its relation to the personality appreciation and self esteem for children suffering from Dyslexia.
Aims of the study :
This study seeks reaching the following aims :
1- Discover the differences between the average of the sample children who are suffering Dyslexia and those who do not suffer Dyslexia in the methods of parental treatment (encouragement , guidance to the best ,parental acceptance, excessive protection, anxiety , negligence , refusal, toughness , distinction).
2- Discover the differences between the average of the sample children who are suffering Dyslexia and those who do not suffer Dyslexia in the personality appreciation ( aggression / hostility , dependency, negative self appreciation , lack of personal sufficiency, lack of emotional response , negative outlook to life ) and lack of self esteem.
3- Examine the relation between the abnormal parental treatment and each of the negative personal features and lack of self esteem in children suffering Dyslexia.
4- Knowing the extent of predicting Dyslexia from the abnormal parental treatment ( excessive protection, anxiety , negligence , refusal, toughness , distinction).
5- Test of predicting Dyslexia from the negative personality features ( aggression / hostility, dependency, negative self appreciation , lack of personal sufficiency, lack of emotional response , negative outlook to life ) and lack of self esteem.
6-Open new horizons for Researchers in the field of Dyslexia.
The study problems:
The study problems may be formulated in the folowing inquiries:
1- What are the differences between the average of the sample children who are suffering Dyslexia and those who do not suffer Dyslexia in the methods of parental treatment (encouragement , guidance to the best ,parental acceptance, excessive protection, anxiety , negligence , refusal, toughness , distinction)?
2- What are the differences between the average of the sample children who are suffering Dyslexia and those who do not suffer Dyslexia in the personality appreciation ( aggression / hostility, dependency, negative self appreciation , lack of personal sufficiency, lack of emotional response , negative outlook to life ) and lack of self esteem?
3- What is the extent of relation between the abnormal parental treatment and each of the negative personal features and lack of self esteem in children suffering Dyslexia?
4- Is it possible to predict Dyslexia from the abnormal parental treatment ( excessive protection, anxiety , negligence , refusal, toughness , distinction)?
5- Is it possible to predict the Dyslexia from the negative personality features ( aggression / hostility, dependency, negative self appreciation , lack of personal sufficiency, lack of emotional response , negative outlook to life ) and lack of self esteem?.
The study hypothesis :
The study hypotheses are as follows :
1- There are differences of statistical indicator between the average of the sample children who are suffering Dyslexia
and those who do not suffer Dyslexia in the methods of parental treatment (encouragement , guidance to the best ,parental acceptance, excessive protection, anxiety , negligence , refusal, toughness , distinction)
2- There are differences of statistical indicator between the average of the sample children who are suffering Dyslexia and those who do not suffer Dyslexia in the personality appreciation ( aggression / hostility, dependency, negative self appreciation , lack of personal sufficiency, lack of emotional response , negative outlook to life ) and lack of self esteem.
3- There is a positive relation between the abnormal parental treatment of the mother, and each of the negative personal features and lack of self esteem in children suffering Dyslexia.
4- It is possible to predict Dyslexia from the abnormal parental treatment ( excessive protection, anxiety , negligence , refusal, toughness , distinction).
5- It is possible to predict Dyslexia from the negative personality features ( aggression / hostility, dependency, negative self appreciation, lack of personal sufficiency, lack of emotional response, negative outlook to life ) and lack of self esteem
The study sample :
The study sample included 80 children on the basis of 40 children who suffer Dyslexia in the 4th and 5th elementary classes in certain schools of Mubarak AL-Kabeer and Hawalli Governorates , and 40 other children who do not suffer Dyslexia from the same classes and the same Governorates whose ages
are between 9-12 years , at age average of ( 10.89 ± 2.47). The following table indicates the features of the study sample.
The study tools :
The study included the following tests and measurements :
1- Intelligence Test of John Raven ( prepared by Fatihiyah Abdul Raouf 1998).
2- Test of diagnosing Dyslexia ( Jaber AL-Buhairi 2005).
3- Questionnaire of parental Treatment ( image of the father/mother) prepared by the Researcher.
4- Questionnaire of personality appreciation for children ( Prepared by Mamdouha Salamah 1987).
5- Questioners of self Esteem ( Samiyah Qattan,1981).
The used statistical Techniques :
There are several statistical Techniques to verify the inquiries and hypotheses of the study through statistical packages of Social Sciences (SPSS):
1- average and standard deviation
2- Alpha Kronbakh factor for tool consistence
3- Relative factor of Person
4- T-Test of difference indicator
5- Man Whitney Test for small samples difference
6- Analysis of multi descending
Study results
The current study led to the following results :
1- There are differences of statistical indicators between the children with Dyslexia and normal children on certain scale
of normal parental treatment such as ( parental acceptance) such differences were in the side of the normal persons were the average of their performance is higher compared to those who suffer Dyslexia, but the differences were not clear in the treatment of the normal mother which is the guidance to the best and encouragement.
On the other side there are differences in favor of students of Dyslexia on certain scales emerged from the abnormal treatment of the father such as ( anxiety , negligence , refusal, toughness , control , distinction , and the total grade of the scale) . the mentioned differences were to the side of the children with Dyslexia where the average of their performance is higher compared to the normal students , but on the other side no differences were found in the normal treatment of the father ( excessive protection, negligence ,reluctance) .
2- There are differences of statistical indicators between the children with Dyslexia and normal children on certain scale of normal parental treatment such as ( encouragement , guidance to the best , parental acceptance ) such differences were in the side of the normal persons where the average of their performance is higher compared to the students with Dyslexia but on the other side there are actual differences for those who suffer reading disorders on the scale of abnormal treatment of the father such as ( anxiety , negligence , refusal, toughness , control , distinction , and the total grade of the scale) . The mentioned differences were to the side of the children with Dyslexia where the
average of their performance is higher compared to the normal students , but on the other side no differences were found in the abnormal treatment of the mother ( negligence ).
3- There are differences of statistical indicator between the average of the sample children who are suffering Dyslexia and those who do not suffer such disorders in the personality appreciation ( aggression / hostility, dependency, negative self appreciation , lack of personal sufficiency, lack of emotional response , negative outlook to life ) these differences were on the side of those suffering from Dyslexia where the average of their performance is higher than the Normal students.
4- There is positive relation between negligence , refusal and toughness each individually and the negative self appreciation , also there is a positive relation between refusal and negligence , lack of self esteem and the lack of emotional response , also there is positive relation between control , negative view to life and lack of self esteem, on the other side , there is negative relations between negligence , toughness , control and dependency.
5- There is positive relation between excessive protection and dependency , lack of self esteem , also there positive relation between anxiety , feeling guilty , and each of the emotional stability , negative view to life , and lack of self esteem, also there is positive relation between negligence , refusal and the lack of emotional response and the negative view to life .
In addition there is positive relation between control , lack of self esteem ( and between reluctance , negative self esteem)
also there are negative relations between refusal , toughness , and dependency.
6- Dyslexia can be predicted from :
1-Negligence
2-Toughness
3-control by the father
7- Dyslexia can be predicted from :
1-Excessive protection
2-Control
3-Reluctancy
4-Distenction